Science vs. Myths: How Science Explains Cosmic Phenomena Without Metaphysics

1. How Does Rain Fall? (The Natural Water Cycle)

In ancient religious thought, rain is viewed as a blessing that falls by a direct divine decree from the sky, managed by angels who drive the clouds. However, meteorology and physics prove that rain is a closed, automatic mechanical system known as the Water Cycle:

Evaporation: Sunlight falls upon seas and oceans, raising the water temperature and transforming it from a liquid to a gaseous state (water vapor). It then rises because it becomes less dense.

Condensation: When the vapor reaches the cold upper layers of the atmosphere, it loses its heat and condenses, turning into tiny water droplets that form clouds.

Precipitation via Gravity: When the water droplets in the clouds become too heavy and overcome the rising air currents, they fall due to the force of Earth's gravity in the form of rain. The process is purely physical and requires no supernatural guidance.

2. The Illusion of the "Anchored Sky" That Does Not Fall

The religious claim that the sky is a "structure built without pillars" that could fall to Earth stems from a primitive conception that views the sky as a "solid, physical ceiling" or a blue dome constructed above the Earth. Science proves that this conception is entirely false:

The Atmosphere is Composed of Gases: What we call the "sky" is not a solid ceiling; rather, it is the Atmosphere—a series of shifting layers of gases (nitrogen, oxygen, argon) that surround the Earth.

The Reason Behind the Blue Color: The blue color of the sky is not the color of a physical dome. It is the result of a physical phenomenon known as Rayleigh Scattering, where gases scatter the short-wave (blue) sunlight, making it appear blue to our eyes.

Gravity Retains the Gases: Gases do not fall because they are held to the Earth by gravity, and outer space is a near-absolute vacuum. Therefore, claiming that the sky might "fall" is a physical fallacy, as gas or a vacuum cannot fall onto the Earth like a solid object.

3. How Did Mountains Form? (Tectonics and Geology)

Religious thought echoes the idea that mountains were created as "firmly anchored stabilizers" (Rawasi) or pegs to stabilize the Earth and prevent it from shaking or swaying. Modern geology has proven that this claim completely contradicts scientific reality:

Tectonic Plate Movement: The Earth's crust is not a single, solid piece. Instead, it is composed of massive sections called Tectonic Plates that move extremely slowly over the semi-liquid mantle layer.

How Mountains Form: When two tectonic plates collide, rocks are compressed and forced upward over millions of years to form mountain ranges (such as the Himalayas, which resulted from the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate).

Mountains are Evidence of Instability: Scientifically, mountains do not stabilize the Earth; rather, they are the direct result of the Earth's instability and continuous movement. Mountainous regions are the most prone to earthquakes and volcanic activity due to this collision, which entirely refutes the idea that they act as stabilizing pegs.

4. How Does the Sun Rise? Einstein's Revolution in Cosmic Sailing

In religious heritage, the sun is described as running to a resting place, traveling to prostrate beneath the Throne at sunset. This view is a byproduct of ancient geocentrism, which assumed the Earth was stationary and that the entire universe revolved around it. Modern astronomy corrects this illusion:

The Earth's Rotation: Sunrise and sunset are not caused by the sun moving around the Earth. They are the result of the Earth rotating on its axis every 24 hours in front of a sun that is stationary relative to us. The side facing the sun experiences day, while the opposite side experiences night.

General Relativity and Space-Time: Physics no longer views space as a static black void in which celestial bodies move by supernatural magic. Our current understanding is credited to Albert Einstein and his theory of General Relativity.

The Universe as a Flexible Fabric: Einstein explained that space and time are fused together into a single, flexible fabric called Space-time. Any cosmic body with massive mass (like the sun) warps and bends this fabric around itself, much like a heavy iron ball placed in the middle of a stretched piece of cloth.

Sailing in Orbits: The Earth and the rest of the planets do not revolve around the sun because there are physical ropes binding them, but because they travel along the curved path created by the sun's mass in the fabric of space. We are, quite literally, "sailing" and sliding within this cosmic curvature due to gravity and the laws of celestial mechanics.

Modern physics summarizes Einstein's theory in a famous quote:

"Matter tells space-time how to curve, and space-time tells matter how to move."

Conclusion

Phenomena that seemed "magical" or "miraculous" to primitive humans hundreds of years ago have today become scientific basics taught to school children.

Science proves that the universe is governed by self-sustaining, constant physical laws (such as gravity, tectonics, and thermodynamics), and nature does not require supernatural interventions to function. Rain falls through physics, mountains form through geology, and the universe moves and curves through cosmic gravity. Clinging to religious explanations in the face of these facts is merely an attempt to fill a cognitive void with superstition instead of conscious scientific inquiry.